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Detection And Quality Control Of Host Proteins
Host proteins (HCP) form a major part of the process-related impurities in the production of biologics. The amount of residual HCP in a pharmaceutical product is often considered a critical quality attribute (CQA) because of its potential to affect product safety and efficacy.
Aug.09, 2022Read More > -
Definition And Structure Of Antibodies
Antibodies are shaped like the letter 'Y' and their main job is to bind to an invading antigen, but not to kill the antigen - they do not have this function; the binding is to give the antigen a marker to be destroyed. When phagocytes find the marker to destroy, they come forward and swallow the antibody-bound antigen and digest it.
Aug.09, 2022Read More > -
Selfish Bacterial Plasmids
Plasmids are a segment of circular DNA within a bacterium that is not part of the bacterial nuclear genome; they replicate within the cell and enter a daughter cell at random when it divides.
Aug.09, 2022Read More >
Antibodies Production
Antibodies can be classified into lectins, precipitins, antitoxins, lysins, opsonins, neutralizing antibodies, and complement-fixing antibodies according to their reaction forms. After the foreign antigen enters the body, it activates B cells and produces specific antibodies against it. Small B cell lymphoma would undergo Mitotic proliferation and transformation when first exposed to known antigens.
When an antigen enters the body for the first time, It will stimulate little specific cell clones to proliferate and reach a sufficient number of responding cells, which is called the primary response. . When the same antigen enters the body again, the original antibody binds to the antigen, the antibody titer increases rapidly. Memory B cells are activated, which is called the secondary response or anamnestic response.