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Detection And Quality Control Of Host Proteins
Host proteins (HCP) form a major part of the process-related impurities in the production of biologics. The amount of residual HCP in a pharmaceutical product is often considered a critical quality attribute (CQA) because of its potential to affect product safety and efficacy.
Aug.09, 2022Read More > -
Definition And Structure Of Antibodies
Antibodies are shaped like the letter 'Y' and their main job is to bind to an invading antigen, but not to kill the antigen - they do not have this function; the binding is to give the antigen a marker to be destroyed. When phagocytes find the marker to destroy, they come forward and swallow the antibody-bound antigen and digest it.
Aug.09, 2022Read More > -
Selfish Bacterial Plasmids
Plasmids are a segment of circular DNA within a bacterium that is not part of the bacterial nuclear genome; they replicate within the cell and enter a daughter cell at random when it divides.
Aug.09, 2022Read More >
Protein Expression
A protein expression system refers to a system consisting of a host, foreign genes, vectors and auxiliary components. Through this system, the purpose of expressing foreign genes in the host can be achieved. This system usually consists of several parts: 1. Host. Organisms that express proteins. 2, the carrier. The type of vector matches the host. 3. Auxiliary ingredients. Protein expression systems are divided into E. coli expression systems, yeast expression systems, insect expression systems, mammalian expression systems and plant expression systems. Various expression systems have their own advantages and disadvantages. E. coli expression system has a high yield capacity in a short time and low cost. But the target protein is often expressed in the form of inclusion bodies therefore product purification is difficult. The post-translational modifications of the prokaryotic expression is imperfect, and the biological activity of the expression product is low; Yeast and insect cell expression systems have high protein expression levels and low cost, but the post-translational processing modification systems are not exactly the same as those of mammals; The protein produced by mammalian expression system is closer to the natural state, but the expression amount is low and the operation is cumbersome.