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Detection And Quality Control Of Host Proteins
Host proteins (HCP) form a major part of the process-related impurities in the production of biologics. The amount of residual HCP in a pharmaceutical product is often considered a critical quality attribute (CQA) because of its potential to affect product safety and efficacy.
Aug.09, 2022Read More > -
Definition And Structure Of Antibodies
Antibodies are shaped like the letter 'Y' and their main job is to bind to an invading antigen, but not to kill the antigen - they do not have this function; the binding is to give the antigen a marker to be destroyed. When phagocytes find the marker to destroy, they come forward and swallow the antibody-bound antigen and digest it.
Aug.09, 2022Read More > -
Selfish Bacterial Plasmids
Plasmids are a segment of circular DNA within a bacterium that is not part of the bacterial nuclear genome; they replicate within the cell and enter a daughter cell at random when it divides.
Aug.09, 2022Read More >
Detection of Cytokines
Cytokines have been shown to be involved in important physiological activities such as immune regulation and inflammatory response, tissue repair, stimulation of the hematopoietic system, stimulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis, and play an important role in resisting foreign pathogens and maintaining the balance of the body's internal environment.
The clinical applications of cytokines mainly include:
Participating in the inflammatory response caused by infection, such as TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, etc.;
Promoting tumor cell growth and metastasis, such as TNF -β, IL-10, IL-6, etc.;
Mediate transplant rejection, such as IL-2, IFN-γ, etc.;
Mediate immune diseases: ①Immune deficiency, such as IL-2 receptor γ chain gene (X chromosome) mutation → IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9 and IL-15, and other cytokines dysfunction; ② hypersensitivity reactions, such as IL-4, IFN-γ, and other cytokines; ③ autoimmune diseases, such as IFN-γ, IL-2, and other cytokines.